3D-scanning for Quality Control During the Production Phase

Not very often BIM people visit construction sites. Last Monday, however, it was time for an on-site meeting with two representatives from the 3D-scanning firm, Exact, and discuss yet another area where laser scanning could enhance the quality of construction projects. 

At SISAB, we have now started documenting our facilities using our Matterport scanner within an experimental project titled as "Facility Information Modelling" (FIM). The primary focus of the project is creating web based navigable models of the interiors of our school facilities that would enable FM personal, tenants, education authorities and other stakeholders to remotely visit our schools. Further applications such as creating updated drawings, extracting surface areas and maintenance planning will also be examined within the FIM project.

Our Monday visit to Enskedefältets School aimed, however, to plan a different type of experiment: 3D-scanning building structures during the production phase, verifying the resulting point cloud against design-intent BIM models in IFC format and visualizing the potential deviations using 3D-PDF reports including sequential color schemes. More rigorous verification methods as such will eventually compel more accuracy, fewer reworks and increased efficiency in building industry.

Towards Facility Information Modelling (FIM)

Over recent decades, building information experts have repeatedly faced an aggravating question: How can BIM benefits be attained retrospectively for existing facilities?

3D-scanning of legacy facilities and enriching the resulted models with the required information is one of the most viable solutions.

In 2015, SISAB adopted 3D-scanning as a modern alternative for traditional point-to-point measurement methods. Our legacy facilities are often scanned prior to reconstruction and extension projects when existing documentation is not of the desired quality. Examples of such insufficient documentations are TIFF drawings retrieved from paper sheets or DWG drawings that do not reflect the latest alterations.

Our common routine for 3D-scanning is placing a stationary lidar scanner containing laser triangulation sensors at several spots inside and outside the building. The resulting point clouds are then integrated into one using reference points. The captured point clouds could be alternatively draped by an RGB texture map for adding a realistic touch for virtual navigation and investigation purposes.

Point cloud of a sports hall located in
Bäckehagen school in Stockholm

Initially, we also procured BIM models (often in Revit) produced out of the captured point clouds. The BIM-modelling and objectifying work was done through manual and semi-automatic methods by scanning firms. Later on, however, based on the feedback from our architectural firms, we concluded that the BIM models produced by the scanning firms were often not fully appropriate for design workflows. Architects would rather import the raw point cloud (often in RCP format) directly into their BIM applications as a background framework and model old and new components as they wish and with their preferred level of detail.

Earlier this year in January, I presented a brief account of our 3D-scanning praxis as clarified above for our experts committee at SISAB. I concluded my presentation with few slides on further potentials envisioned by 3D-scanning in production (namely QC/QA) and FM as well as new scanning techniques such as mobile scanning equipment and airborne laser scanners (drones). The committee representatives from our FM department found it interesting and I was thereupon given the opportunity to run another presentation this time for all employees at the FM department. The latter talk covered the broader topic of BIM in FM with a highlighted focus on the potential benefits of the 3D-scanned building models for increasing efficiency in FM.

Emil Nielsen from BIMobject runs the Matterport scanner

At the next stage, the internationally-reputed digital content management firm, BIMobject helped us taking a tangible step and scanning one of our day care centers in Stockholm using the recently-developed fast and economic Matterport equipment. I published a brief account of the experiment at my LinkedIn feed a while ago. 

Last week, we held a second workshop on 3D-scanning of existing buildings. In addition to the participants in the first workshop, our FM and operation division managers, Mari Lindén, Rolf Amble and Lars Johansson, our authorities coordinator, Johanna Erlandsson and our BIM experts, Madeleine Lilja and Victor Cabezas were present and indulged in some hands-on experiments including attaching information points to the scanned model and sketching model-aided workflows. The session was rounded up by a quick exchange of reflections and thoughts. 

The second workshop on 3D-scanning
held on 22nd August at SISAB

The participants unanimously believed that our current FM and operation processes could be made more efficient using scanned models of facilities enriched with the required information and linked documents. The case scenarios addressed by the participants ranged from reducing the time for reporting the location and nature of the occurring failures to more accurate area retrieval and more gratifying tasks for employees. The findings could form the ground for further introduction of more efficient FM and operation practises using scanned models at a larger scale at SISAB. Such attempts may turn to be a prelude to the plausible transition from BIM (Building Information Modeling) to FIM (Facility Information Modeling) in the FM sector.

P.S. You can check out and navigate through the scanned model of the daycare center through the link below (no information is attached here):

https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=ZFwKVmp6uzq 

BIM-Forum

The concluding talk by Prof. Thomas Kalbro

Department of Real Estatae and Construction Management of KTH had its two-day kick-off gathering after the summer on Thursday and Friday last week. The sessions were composed of reports and group discussions on the two main themes of research and education as well as current and expected performance of the department and emerging fields in research and education. The venue was Djurönäset which is located in the far west of Stockholm's archipelago and almost at the verge of Baltic Sea. This was a timely opportunity for exchange of experience and knowledge in a relaxed environment, socializing with others at the department and breeding grounds for more collaboration and synergy in the coming year.

Division wise meeting of Project Communication; right to left:
Hannes Lindblad, Tina Karrbom Gustavsson and Prof. Väino Tarandi

The main motivation for this post is, however, presenting a delayed report on BIM-Forum organized by Cad-Q last May. The event was a thorough complement to an earlier seminar by Cad-Q elaborating on BIM 360 Glue and BIM 360 Field. The seminar was opened by a role play that simulated the building information flow through a complete reconstruction/addition process from the initial requirements management phase to operation. Participants in the demonstration represented different roles in a reconstruction/addition project e.g. the owner and the architect.

The role play simulating the building information flow
through a complete reconstruction/addition process

The point of departure was submitting a request by the owner for access to the drawings of the site and the existing facilities on the site. Currently, drawings are mostly in DWG or raster formats and deposited in digital archives of the FM firms such as HyperDoc. Interaxo (previously projektnavet) is Cad-Q's new web-based solution for archiving building drawings and models in more intelligent formats; while another product, BIMeye, serves as a requirements repository. BIMeye is composed of a variety of modules such as Door Manager, Room Manager, Audit Trail, etc. A useful functionality in this application - which is also available in other requirements management software such as dRofus - is creation and re-use of semi-standard room types. Customization of existing room types, classification of requirements according to different disciplines and export to popular formats such as Excel are some other functionalities of BIMeye.

The architect then opens the model in his/her BIM authoring software, in this example Revit, and uses the mass-modelling tool to create room objects based on the requirements imported from BIMeye. The newly planned or modified parts and elements of the building are modelled within Revit and exported as IFC through Naviate functionalities. Room objects and other essential parts could, in turn, be imported to MEP applications. Further disciplinary requirements such as heat transfer, glow and light intensity are then imported from BIMeye and added to corresponding building elements. Components are modified when required so as to fulfill the new requirements. The outcome is channeled back to other actors as the base for further development and the design is incrementally formed by all disciplinary actors in an iterative manner.

The BIM coordinator deploys Navite to guarantee that correct information is included in the exported IFC models. Simplebim - which operates in the background of Naviate - also controls for compliance with a host of measures such as availability of required information for energy, ingress and igress analysis, accessibility and other Swedish building codes. Similar to Solibri Model Checker, the results could be reported in a multitude of formats such as PDF, PPT and BCF (BIM Collaboration Format). The BCF file is then sent to relevant actors via email, project's repository or Naviate BCF Manager. New BCF files could be consecutively created and shared.

When the design is finalised, detailed information on new rooms such as wall and floor finishes are registered by BIMeye in the form of searchable Room Data Sheets (RDS) including intelligent fields for different parameters. BIMeye also enables synchronising RDS's with the BIM model and querying the database based on desired values for specific parameters.

In the second session, I participated in the facility management track due to my research interests. The three other tracks were for architects, structural engineers and MEP engineers. Anne Ellingbö provided a brief introduction on Interaxio and its functionalities namely archiving drawings, revision management and administrating the approval procedure. This file repository is in principle comprised of a folder structure. A specific type of folder, called "smart folder", provides some advanced possibilities such as facilitated grouping of files, batch property assignment to files, export to Excel sheets, etc.

The next speaker was Anders Moberg, manager of CAD Quality AB. He briefly presented the latest advances in implementation of BIM for facility management and the state-of-the-art of deploying new tools and technologies for propelling the sector through the consecutive stages of BIM-maturity. Moberg mentioned a number of initiatives throughout Sweden for converting legacy drawings of existing buildings to object-based models and complementing them with techniques such as laser scanning. Projects by Region Skåne, Locum, Fortifikationsverket, Riksdagsförvaltningen and Falu Kommun were among the examples mentioned by Moberg.

The final presentation was an introduction of the new version of HyperDoc. Security measures for acess of different groups of users, versioning at the object and field level, customized views to the central object-based model and the possibility for importing IFC and fi2 files were some of the new features introduced. Even though the FM&O sector has traditionally been lagging behind other actors in the building industry in embracing new information technologies, recent political ambitions and technological advances demonstrate signs of accelerating the progress in the field. Lack of universal standards and mismatch among current FM&O workflow procedures and the ones required for a BIM-based practice are two main obstacles on the way to be tackled.

CIB Facilities Management Conference

Copenhagen Town Hall

Per Anker Jensen at the welcome reception

It was a delight to talk to Professor Per Anker Jensen in the Town Hall of Trondheim last summer and hear about their Centre for Facilities Management (CFM) at DTU. I was there for presenting my work on life cycle support information systems in the 7th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization. I did however not have the faintest idea that I will submit my next working paper to the CIB FM Conference and meet Per again in the Town Hall of Copenhagen a year later. The CIB Facilities Management Conference was organised by the CIB Working Commission W070 (Facilities Management) in collaboration with W111 (Usability) and W118 (Clients and Users) at Technical University of Denmark in the dreamy city of Copenhagen 21st to 23rd May.

Søren Salomo, head of department of DTU Management Engineering, welcomed the audience to the conference. He briefly adressed the central theme of the conference, "using facilities in an open world and creating value for all stakeholders" as wel as related challenges including energy efficiency and new materials. Professor Danny Then (representing W070) explained how challenges such as the need for provision of social housing and efficient resource management bear on FM research and practice. He also clarified how asset management and maintenance have recently been more closely linked to other areas such as workplace design and Building Information Modelling (BIM). This was followed by Professor Geir Hansen's speech about W111 and Dr. Kim Haugbølle's presentation on the role of users and clients and the urge for a closer collaboration and mutual understanding among various actors within the sector.

The very first keynote speaker of the first day was Jacob Steen Møller, director of facilities of DTU Campus Service. He provided a brief history of the previous and current campus buildings of DTU and as well as the structure, business model and business strategy of the FM organization. The business model of the FM section is basically outlined by the university's overall business goals and missions. In contrast to the initial designer-centric top-down layout of the campus area, current strategic plan of DTU facilities is mainly derived from the needs of the users and therefore allows a more flexible planning and a broader variety of architectural styles and construction materials.

The overall goal of the plan is to fulfill the requirements of co-locating, growth and efficiency; while the main principles of the contemporary planning strategy of DTU are as followed:

• Maintaining the initial axial structure
• Hierarchical order of outer and inner spaces for a clearer sense of location
• Park and landscape (the campus is considered as the edge of the woods)
• More free forms in the design of buildings and facades
• Car, bike and prospective light rail traffic

Campus area of The Technical University of Denmark (Source)

In line with the central theme of the conference, Jacob notified the importance of educating users and clients about the construction procedure, the briefing phase and when and how they can influence the process, opening up the spaces around the campus and letting different user groups from the society to use them, make facilities and information on facilities available for research, developing business cases for leasing, involving students and professors in design and operation, and integrating FM into value creation strategies.

The first speaker of the first track (FM performance and industry maturity) was Sarel Lavy from Texas A&M University who contemplated on key performance indicators, the relation among the organizational goals and the facility goals and critical success factors. The major categories of benchmarking indexes, according to him, are financial, physical, functional and survey-based. In the following presentation, Professor Danny Then introduced his proposal for measuring FM maturity across organizations via an integrated feeder factors framework.

Then, Tuuli Jylhä from Aalto University presented an intriguing study on how unplanned activities (so called "making-do" activities) precipitated by insufficient or missing information impede value creation in FM organizations. It is nevertheless always a tricky job to maintain the balance between timely decision-making and waiting for complete information.

In the afternoon session (Track 4: Clients and users), Pieter Eisma from TU Delft presented a literature review on public clients in construction. Together with Leentje Volker, they had queried Scopus and JSTORE databases and through qualitative and quantitative analyses concluded that the majority of issues were associated with organizing and setting up the project. Rikke Brinkø reviewed some theoretical and practical grounds of sharing spaces and Mohammad Mayouf talked about incorporating BIM into facilities management.

A number of useful tips on how to get published were provided by Emma Steele, Sarel Lavy and Joseph Lai from the journal Facilities. Choosing topics of importance, focusing on areas with little existing knowledge, basing papers on rigorous research work, use of evidences, objectivity and the importance of the keywords were some of their hints.

Nyhavn, Copenhagen

Liselotte Panduro from the Danish Facilities Management Association (DFM) opened the second day with introducing their organization with 150 members including real estate companies and providers. She then addressed the ten top FM trends articulated by the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), which could be shortlisted as sustainability, complex building systems, aging building stock, business continuity, information management, attracting top talents, improving the recognition of the profession, strategic thinking, contributing to the well being of the society and changing work styles.

The keynote speaker of the second day, Juriaan van Meel from CFM, contemplated on the challenges ahead of and the possibilities envisioned by living in an open world. In practice, gated communities and secured spaces still do exist. The risks of working at open and shared spaces such as cafes in comparison to the closed and fully managed offices are, nevertheless, being gradually outweighed by their benefits. Flexibility with time and location, lower costs and cozy milieus are some examples. Juriaan then introduced the concept of "cowork spaces" which implies a spatial and temporal superimposition of office spaces and public spaces. Contemporary cowork spaces are, in essence, grounded on sharing both spaces and values. Cowork spaces are, however, still marginal and more popular among hipsters and IT savvy entrepreneurs.

I was the first speaker of the practice track one "invited speakers and case studies" which was a joint session together with representatives from the industry chaired by Poul Henrik Due, the chief advisor at Grontmij. The idea of this work was incepted last year when Johannes Dimyadi approached me after my presentation at CIB2013 in Brisbane and briefly explained the development process and architecture of the BIM-integrated information management system that he and his colleagues had designed and implemented in two campus areas of Unitec Institute of Technology in Auckland, New Zealand. I found it an appropriate case for my research and during the ensuing year, we were constantly in contact from the two opposite sides of the planet. In a nutshell, our paper takes Unitec's FM system as a purposive-sampling case and reports on how a number of technical issues prevailing in other BIM-based FM systems have been dealt with in this example.

Statistics by Signal Architects showing
underused educational spaces

The second speaker, Per Feldthaus from Signal Architects, presented their performance-based approach to design of interior spaces. Performance matrices provide designers with statistical analytic tools to reconfigure spatial layouts of workplaces and optimize the firms' use of space. The research presented by Marit Støre was a study for benchmarking FM departments of a number of hospitals in Nordic countries. Data on logistics, cleaning, catering and other FM services had been collected with the aim of quantitatively outlining the perception of a "best practice" in FM using the Balance Score Card methodology. The overall aim of such studies is to investigate how to adjust FM strategies to be better aligned with the core strategies of the firms. The results show that there is no strong corelation among FM competences and FM services of firms. Swedish hospitals possess higher FM competency than their Danish and Norwegian counterparts. Swedish hospitals also have the highest amount of outsourcing FM services.

Siri Blakstad from Reinertsen presented her study on workplace management. Flexibility for better compliance with the fast pace of development of new technologies, reducing operational costs and area efficiency were the major themes of her presentation. She also addressed the required qualifications associated with different operational roles in FM firms: strategic understanding for the top management, timely and informed decision making for the operational staff and the optimum ways of working for the staff.

The first speaker of the afternoon session of the second day was Søren S. Prahl from Novozymes. An interesting part of Søren's presentation was the risk assessment tables that they had developed for clients demonstrating - both in numbers and colors - the estimated costliness of different decisions for maintenance or replacement of equipment and spaces. He also elaborated on the three major categories of FM goals (strategic, tactical and operational) and various features of a successful FM practice such as the importance of personal competencies and leadership and communication skills. 

Conference dinner at SSI; left to right: Frédéric Bougrain,
Tuuli Jylhä, me, Marleen Hermans and Manish Dixit

Poul Henrik Due outlined his proposal for FM screening logs to be implemented at early stages of feasibility and briefing of construction projects. The core idea is to inform the client about the FM consequences of each design alternative based on in-depth analyses and earlier experiences. The "logs" will be maintained, completed and retrieved for the purpose of quality insurance and benchmarking during the consecutive stages. Michael Zobl from the Vienna University of Technology (TU-Wien) reported the outcomes of their research survey on 500 firms using the Mixed Method Approach (qualitative and quantitative). According to the results, there is no correlation among outsourcing facility services (or more accurately increasing the number of the external service providers) and reducing the costs. Outsourcing may reduce the costs of the firm, but at the same time, increases the risks. The authors conclude that there is a tendency to overestimate the advantages of outsourcing.

The second day of the conference was wrapped up with an inspiring visit to the new headquarter building of ISS, the prominent facility services company where Caspar Isager Hansen, the PMO Manager, explained their services and the location procedure from their old building. His talk was followed by a guided tour around the building and the joint conference dinner.

Workstations layout at ISS headquarters

In the first research track of the third day, Christopher Heywood from the University of Melbourne described a case of relocation of educational facilities. The focus of the study was on the psycho-social factors that impact individual users' experiences during the relocation process. Data were collected through interviews, diaries and observation. The findings show that the way different people experience relocation is not homogeneous rather it is individual and in principle different from one person to another.

Sari Tähtinen from Aalto University presented a study on user experiences of a creative class district in Helsinki using the 6T model. According to the 6T model, tune, tempo, task, ties, tales and theme are the six major factors that shape the experience of a place for the user.

The research track 10 (FM innovation and technology) was opened with a presentation by Nils Olsson from Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) on the use of Big Data for evaluation of buildings. Big Data is defined as a huge amount of data that can not be analyzed by traditional database tools. Volume, velocity and variety are the features that differentiate Big Data from normal data. Availability, applicability, relevance and privacy are some of challenges ahead of implementing Big Data more ubiquitously.

Giulia Nardelli from DTU provided an overview of the tools for including stakeholders in FM service design. In this approach, clients, customers and end users are also considered as co-creators and resources for innovation in the FM firm. Stakeholders could be involved in a variety of traditional and ICT-based as well as direct and indirect ways. It is recommended to accurately plan stakeholder participation in the areas of strategic decision making. The very last presentation was given by Poul Ebbesen from DTU about implementation of Information Technology in facilities management. I met Poul in March during the bSI conference in Stockholm for the first time. While my studies are focused on implementing object-oriented technologies and database management systems in FM, long experience in the FM sector has provided him a broader insight to see the full picture. He is therefore determined not to limit himself to any of the pertaining epistemological fields of innovation management, organizational theories, implementation or socio-technical theories; rather to focus on value creation and to embrace a variety of conceptual frameworks in pursuit of a more realistic solution.

Finally, during the closing session, Professor Keith Jones from Anglia Ruskin University presented his report on prevailing and emerging subject areas in the field of facilities management and usability derived from a Delphi survey before Per Anker Jensen made the final remarks. As evidenced in the majority of the works presented, the importance of scientific facilities management has recently gained greater recognition and the shift from a practice-based profession overwhelmed with short-term strategies and ad-hoc solutions to a fully coordinated discipline is gaining momentum.

Miscellaneous Diary

Time flies and my posts become more sporadic. Having some hours to spend at Helsinki Airport on my way back from a short trip to Budapest, it is perhaps the right time for writing a summarized retrospective diary comprising the highlights since I wrote about Stockholm Student Fair:

On 7th February, I made a visit to the conceptual exhibition, Light Houses, at the Museum of Architecture in Stockholm. Thirty two young architectural firms from Sweden, Norway and Finland presented their ideologies and methodologies through "objects" and "words". Works were ranging from utterly abstract and conceptual ones to building models and even a book of technical drawings. My favorites were the works by the Finnish firm, Lundén Wikar Österlund and the Mirror Cube by the Swedish firm, Tham & Videgård.

In the afternoon of the 9th February, I joined the introduction ceremony for foreign students in Sweden held at the City Hall. The event was opened by Margareta Björk, the chair of Stockholm Municipality. Then, it was time for talks by the head of education, the CEO of Stockholm Business Region Development, director of Staf (Maria Fogelström) and the vice president of SSCO (the central student union organization in Stockholm). Maria left a 2-minute portion of Staf's time to me for introducing our NGO, SIRAP, and its activities.

This is now a while that I have been participating in information management meetings of a construction project for building an educational facility in the campus which is located just a hundred meters from my office. This exquisite building is designed by the Danish architectural firm, Cco, and is a unique project from different aspects: the building itself is a study object by making parts of its structural, mechanical and electrical components visible to the users; it accommodates flexible education and exhibition spaces with an interior layout that allows quick shift between different education modes. The building will be ready for use by 2016.

Something even more important about this project for us at the Division for Project Communication is that we will be able to use all digital models of the building for educational and research activities. In order to get updated about information management and digital modelling status of the project, I will be participating in two categories of the meetings: BIM-coordination sessions and BIM-development session. On 11th February, the very first occasions of the two meetings were held, BIM-representatives of all participating firms as well as the participants from KTH research group were introduced to eachother, and the overall principles of information management for the project were announced by the BIM-consultant firm, Plan B. In the following BIM-coordination meetings on 25th February and 11th March, more details about modelling routines, information sharing and exchange formats were discussed.

Lunch seminars are part of a share-and-discussion tradition at the Department for Real Estate and Construction Management. On 12th February, Prof. Hans Lind presented his new book together with Prof. Thomas Kalbro and Prof. Göran Cars, "New regulations for increased residential construction and better infrastructure". The book is mainly a critical overview of prevailing planning autonomy of municipalities in Sweden which, in the absence of efficient and sufficient motivations and incentives, has resulted in an increasing gap between the supply and demand of residential buildings is Sweden. Authors also propose new legislative approaches with a stronger role for both the central government (forcing municipalities to plan) and also a stronger role for the developers when it concerns the details of the plans and buildings as a remedy for this problem.

14th February, I had an stimulating conversation with Sara Eriksson, planner at KTH, as part of an ongoing study on requirement management. It was amazing to hear about the way the client (here Akademiska Hus) and the prospective tenant (KTH) collaborate in jointly providing the consultants with descriptions, criteria and measures of the building they will operate and use.

During the previous session of a series of discussions on qualitative methods at our department, I shared my recent experiences from a paper submission with others on 17th February. First, I went through different sections of my work (now submitted to CIB W070, W111 & W11 in Copenhagen) and asked the audience about their opinions on the overall layout and structure of the paper. Then, we discussed the comments I had received from the reviewers and how things could be enhanced prior to the final submission.

My afterwork session in the evening of the 28th February was a talk on intercultural communication and Swedish culture organized by us at SIRAP and given by Karin Knutsson. The talk was followed by a broad contribution and challenging questions from the audience mostly trying to better comprehend complicated social codes and norms of the Swedish society.

On 28th February, after months of correspondence and constructive discussions with the co-author, Johannes Dimyadi, I finally submitted the final version of our paper to the CIB conference for facility management. Our work is an analytic description of a progressive example of implementation of BIM-based applications for administering FM&O activities. The project was executed in Auckland (new Zealand) for a campus area. Johannes is the system architect of the BIM-FM solution.

On Sunday 2nd March, I watched "Wolf of Wall Street" which I did honestly not find as splendid as I had heard it to be. There is no doubt that the acts were great and the extravagant and flashy scenes were compelling; but it was really difficult to believe that the movie served in the first place an edifying purpose and was actually not a glorification and celebration of power, wealth and American life as common to the mainstream of cinema in the US.

On 4th and 5th March, our department hosted a Ph.D. workshop with participants (both Ph.D. students and supervisors) from the Swedish universities of Chalmers, Lund and Luleå. Discussions on theories, methodologies and research structure raised during the workshop were greatly instructive and informative.

From 12th to 14th March, I attended an intensive training course on "Enhanced Personal Leadership & Effectiveness" in Norrtälje (North of Stockholm). Other than useful lectures and experiments on presentation skills, advocacy and enquiry techniques, inter-cultural communication, etc. the course was a timely opportunity for self-reflection and self-evaluation. The course was organized by departments of transport and computer science of KTH.

During the last week, a lot happened here in Stockholm in the subject area of standardization of information modelling and management of the built environment. The plenary sessions of the buildingSMART week were held at Stockholm City Conference Center and KTH main campus 17th to 19th March bringing together the world's highest-level experts from academia, industry and national and international organizations. The main conference session was held on 20th March. This was in fact the very first international presence of the newly-born BIM Alliance Sweden. I will hopefully write more about this event in a separate post soon.