Thursday, August 25, 2011

Do it all again!

The new plan for Slussen is a true evidence of the fact that city planning is not intrinsically consulting firms' business. The pen is trembling in planner's hand with each single stroke on the paper in fear of harsh criticism from high-ranked decision-making authorities and public now and then.

Social Democrats are not satisfied with the proposal for new Slussen and this means that the construction will be postponed again. SD is looking for a more functional and spectacular Slussen. So many stairs will cause problems for handicaps and women with baby strollers commuting between Gamla Stan and Södermalm, they assume. They also think that there is too much room for motor traffic in current proposal considering the vision for a car-free Gamla Stan. SD will therefore ask the City Planning Board not to approve the proposal. Christian Democrats condemn SD's decision for being irresponsible regarding the delay it will cause also for speaking out so late just a couple of months before decision making.

Social Democrats put forth three major arguments for their opposition to Nya Slussen:
  • Existing serene skyline will be obstructed by new additions.
  • Future underground transportation route to Nacka is not taken into account.
  • There is too much room for car in current plan.
Nevertheless, the problem with the 3-year delay in the project required for planning a new solution is how to cope with threatening rise in Mälaren lake's level of water. In current plan, a new water-circulation system has been devised to transfer greater amounts of water from Mälaren to the Baltic Sea ...

The thing is that planning is all a matter of prioritizing. This does not entail that an urban plan can by no means be functional, visually appealing, economical, eco-friendly and collaborative at the same time; but that the necessity for making sacrifices on some aspects in favor of some gains somewhere else should always be perceived when judging final outcome of an urban planning procedure.

Source:
http://www.dn.se/sthlm/s-domer-ut-slussenforslaget
http://www.dn.se/sthlm/s-far-inget-medhall-om-slussenforslaget

Friday, August 12, 2011

Back to the topic

While searching avidly for pioneer practitioners in the field of visualization as part of my thesis work, I came across the visionary product of the Brisbane-based infrastructure visualization company, Urban CircusUrban Circus is a powerful tool for real-time visualization of large-scale multi-disciplinary urban projects. Its interface is ideally user-friendly and to a great degree interactive. Base models are imported from 3DSMax, Maya, ArchiCAD, etc. Outputs range from 2d rendered scenes, 3d panoramic views, 3d videos and 4d planning environments to interactive web pages featuring all the above-mentioned. Created scenes are fairly realistic and delicately detailed. Urban Circus Company was founded by an urban planner, Dr. Ben Guy in 2004.

As part of a recent conversation among Dr. Ben Guy and me and in response to an inquiry on my opinion about key centres for 3D visualisation study and analysis around the world and where we are standing here at KTH, I made an effort to conclude my findings in the field as followed: 
Diagram 3
Diagram 4
Firstly, the definition and delimitation of 3d visualization is not fully agreed upon among scholars and practitioners. So, I try to delimit the term and clarify in which sense I would prefer to use it before proceeding. As depicted in diagrams 3 and 4, visualization may address the transitory process with an input from the modelling phase and an output for the simulation phase. The term can also be used in a wider sense describing the entire process. Throughout my studies, the latter definition has proved to be more appropriate when mentioning visualization as a means for participatory planning. 
Secondly, contemporary practitioners in the field take different approaches to the very nature of visualization tools and techniques. The variety of categories can - in my opinion - be summarized to two major groups. These two classifications are in turn derived from Raper, McCarthy and Williams' (1999)* categorization of virtual reality tools: Some institutes such as MIT Media Lab are mainly equipment-oriented which can correspond to Raper and others' immersive (egocentric) VR. Batty, Longley and others at UCL's CASA, on the other hand, are more focused on the through-the-window or exocentric definition of VR tools. Again, I find the latter better addressing contemporary needs for 3d visualization and more compatible with participatory approaches. 
Sweden is a pioneer in visualization in Scandinavia and among top ones in Europe with a number of active visualization centers such as those in Norrköping and Göteborg. They are however still more into immersive VR approaches and somehow more specialised in other uses of visualization such as medical applications rather than planning. In recent years, KTH has been offering various programs on visualization which are unique in the sense that they are closely linked to satellite imagery, semi-automated modeling and GIS utilities from one side and visualization of social aspects of planning using Space Syntax, Place Syntax, etc. on the other hand. 
There are in fact vast grounds and potentials for further developments, but still much to be done for integrating the variety of visualization-related activities and research programs within the department before strengthening our links with pioneers in the field. I have much hope and enthusiasm in our recent activities for better embracing the topic at our planning school in the future.

Sources:
Raper, J., McCarthy, T., & Williams, N. (1999). Georeferenced four-dimensional virtual environments: principles and applications.Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 22 (6), 529-539.
Ball, J., Capanni, N., & Watt, S. (2008). Virtual Reality for Mutual Understanding in Landscape Planning. International
Journal of Social Sciences , Volume 2 Number 2 2008 ISSN 1306‐973X.
Parsanezhad, P., (2010). Towards an Optimal Web-based Visualization Tool for Planning : A Comparative Analytical Survey over Visualization Techniques for Enhancing Stakeholders’ Participation in Planning. Master thesis report, KTH, Stockholm.

Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Beauty out of Beast



Current KTH School of Architecture
No one is cheered up by an abrupt fire on a stately edifice in a reputed neighbourhood of the city. Burning of KTH School of Architecture in Stockholm, however, triggered ambivalent feelings for many who had longly suffered this arrogant, obstructive and gloomy mass of concrete boasting right in the middle of delicate harmonic urban environment of Östermalm and in the vicinity of the elaborate structure of Engelbrek Church.

After the fire
The catastrophe paved the way for realizing the 10-year dream of integrating the two isolated bodies of KTH through establishment of an accumulative building accommodating both the entrance to the campus and architectural school. It is planned to be located where the three streets of Osquarsbacke, Lindstedtsvägen and Drottning Kristinas vägen meet. Currently, Info Center and administrative units are located there.

The new KTH School of Architecture designed by Tham & Videgård will be a round building with a glassy-steel facade. As part of the project, the building located south of KTH library will be ruined and greenery and artworks in the surroundings will be transferred to other places around the campus. The new school of architecture is expected to be ready to use for spring semester 2014 and will also serve as a meeting place with a number of mini galleries.

New design
Sources:

Friday, July 22, 2011

The contemporary kitchen

This will not be a comprehensive manual for kitchen design for sure but at least a glimpse of basics of contemporary kitchen design when functionality is prioritized over low costs and aesthetics:
  • A sufficiently big sink is a must for comfortably hand-washing the dishes and washing large-sized utensils such as barbecue grill. A small sink with a garbage grinder to avoid a smelly storage of organic wastes is an appropriate complement. Adjustable shower mixer taps and pull-down/pull-out faucets are both convenient and spectacular. Use of a glass surface as splasher reduces cleaning time. 
  • A large draining board is a plus. It can always be also used as ordinary countertop. 
  • It is better to have plate racks and detergent hanging over the draining board rather than being located on them so that it becomes easier to keep the board clean and tidy. 
  • Dish-washer should be placed at convenient working height and close to the draining board. 
  • The best material for the countertop is laminate since it is durable and resistant to harm and moisture, is easy to replace and does not require much maintenance over time. 
  • Stove should not be better placed into the cooking island so as to minimize spread of splashes and limit children's access. A metal edge for the stove top adds to its durability. 
  • Non-open kitchens are more convenient in the sense that a door can well obstruct the noise of food processors. Nonetheless, open kitchens with wide islands are much trendier and even more functional these days considering simultaneous use of kitchen and living rooms as cooking and dining area. Cooking island can be even elevated on wheels to provide more flexibility in re-arrangement of interior space. 
  • Upper cabinets should be better extended up to the ceiling to avoid accumulation of dust and dirt and also to provide extra storage space. 
  • Unruffled wall surfaces are easier to clean and change when remodeling the kitchen compared with small-sized tiles. 
  • Linoleum is resistant to moisture, dirt and fat and is thus a suitable choice for the floor. 
  • An ample number of power outlets helps much.

Tuesday, July 12, 2011

Hagastaden

It took a number of decades for planners to face destructive consequences of urban sprawl e.g. excess of fuel consumption triggered by long-distance intercity motorways, inefficient and wasteful methods of energy distribution, segregation and associated social problems, fast pace of of deforestation, threat on wild life and accelerating consumption of natural resources. As a reaction, a large number of planning authorities around the world, specifically those in middle-sized cities where environmental measures have traditionally been substantial to decision-making procedures have recently headed towards densification and building inwards as a high planning priority.

The star-shaped city of Stockholm is in fact a very fitting example in this context with numerous plans for urban densification including reconstruction of brown- and grey fields, developing the city in the third dimension and utilizing unused lands close to the city center for construction of new districts. The ongoing urban project of Hagastaden is one example. 

By 2025, the area Norrastationsområde will be developed into a new district - Hagastaden including residences, parks, shopping premises, research centers and health facilities. Out of the total 96-ha land area allocated for the project, 30 percent is located in Stockholm municipality and the the rest in the neighboring Solna. 5000 new residential units and 36000 new workplaces will be constructed as part of the project and a number of motor- and railways including E4 and E20 will be placed into underground tunnels and pass beneath the district. The municipality of Stockholm will be responsible for a 10-billion-Swedish-Crown share out of the overall 50-billion expenditures including five billion Crowns for E4/E20 underground tunnels. Hagastaden is primarily characterized as a world-class research and innovation center for life science and health care. The New Karolinska Solna medical university and hospital (inauguration 2016) will be integrated to the project.

Sources:
http://insynsbk.stockholm.se/Byggochplantjansten/Pagaende-planarbete/PagaendePlanarbete/Planarende/?journalnumber=2009-02013
http://www.stockholm.se/Fristaende-webbplatser/Fackforvaltningssajter/Exploateringskontoret/Ovriga-byggprojekt-i-innerstaden/Norra-Station/
http://www.nyakarolinskasolna.se/
http://www.stockholm.se/-/Nyheter/Trafik--Stadsmiljo/Hagastaden--intunnlingen-av-E4E20-har-paborjats/
http://www.google.se/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dn.se/images/2010/12/22/Hagastaden660.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dn.se/sthlm/hagastaden-ska-satta-halsan-framst&usg=__W3eQ_S09XxG1J6sHBDlcRHtbSFU=&h=396&w=660&sz=80&hl=sv&start=2&sig2=DlsjAh31i2zbp9CrT__cbQ&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=LxwZvwy7u0yAVM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=138&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhagastaden%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dsv%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D721%26bih%3D766%26tbm%3Disch&ei=InQcTruJM43csga5yJzgBg

Saturday, June 11, 2011



The work summarized in the poster was titled as "Exploratory spatial analysis of theft as a function of land use and socio-demographic data". The emphasis here was more on methodology rather than the outputs or the specific case used. In a brief, we used OLS (classic) regressions to investigate how large the impact of socio-demographic and land-use indicators is on the ratio of theft in Tallinn. The independent variables were derived from the two prominent theories in criminology, routine activities and social disorganizations, and included the followings:

number of pubs, number of bus stops, number of house owners, male population, population of foreigners, proportion of unemployed.

The overall procedure initiated with normalizing the data for the independent variable (theft), running univariate regressions for theft and each of predictors and checking p-value, goodness-of-fit and the diagram in search of a significant relationship. Since we did not observe any remarkable relation, proceeded then with a visual ESDA test: we used box-plots and maps to select and visually compare top positive residuals of y and x variables and came up with the same result: no significant relation between theft and socio-demographic and land-use factors.

The literature, however, suggests some relation between the two. The source of error in our experiment could have been among these:

- We should have normalized data in another way than using logs of the values.
- One multivariate regression should have been performed instead of a set of univariate models. This considers cumulative impact of the factors and will thus better account for the overall impact of socio-demographic and land-use parameters on theft.
- Even though the results of OLS regression were not satisfactory, we should have proceeded and also performed spatial lag and spatial error regressions hoping that they may better fit the data.

This was however a basic and limited spatial analysis study performed in a short time and has much room for further development and methodological modifications.

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Applied Spatial Analysis

The above is the invitation to the poster presentation session of the PhD course "Applied Spatial Analysis: An introduction". I will also present a work on "Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Theft as a Function of Land use and Socio-demographic Data" together with Sandra Karlsson.

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

A much more adorable "lock" for the city


This maybe sounds absurd, but now I feel responsible for communicating final updates on Slussen's re-organization and reconstruction project after keeping an eye on and relating the news around it over such a long time here and in my FB profile! The approved plan is on exhibition for public at Peter Myndes Backe 3 (http://www.stockholm.se/slussen). Followed comes a summary of various elements of the new plan to replace existing perplexed structure present there since 1930's:
  • a new park east of Katarinahissen with a panoramic view to Saltsjön and Skeppsholmen
  • Slusstorget: a piazza in the middle plus two rectangular pools, cafés, places for sunbathing and sunshading, ...
  • a comulative terminal for busses, metro and local trains for ease of change among transportation modes for commuters
  • Södermalmstorg: a place for meeting and experiment
  • buildings with transparent façades for utmost visual communication of inner and outer rooms and continuity of space
  • two low office buildings in front of existing ones (Glashusen and KF-huset)
  • project start: 2013, estimated inauguration time: 2020

Other ongoing or approved large-scale urban projects in Stockholm are as followed:
  • Citybannan: a 6-km underground tunnel with stations at Odenplan and T Centeralen
  • Stockholm by-pass: a 21-km motorway (18 km under the ground) linking north and south of the city with a 15-minute travel time
  • Norra Djurgårdsstaden: a new energy-efficient world-class district with 10000 residential and 30000 office units
  • Hagastaden: a new district to be located between Stockholm and Solna including a new university hospital, Nya Karolinska Solna

Sources: 
http://www.netcommunity.se/201105174249/BYGG/BIM/Artiklar/stockholm-ritar-om-ny-modell-av-slussenomradet-visar-framtiden-4249/menu-id-472
http://www.stockholm.se/Fristaende-webbplatser/Fackforvaltningssajter/Exploateringskontoret/NyaSlussen/Utstallning-om-framtidens-Slussen/
http://www.trafikverket.se/forbifartstockholm

Thursday, April 14, 2011

Slussen

Slussen - Proposal by Foster & partners
Tuesday 12th April, the three alternatives for the future of Slussen were displayed in an exhibition at Hilton Hotel. In less than two months, there will be another exhibition and proposals will be consecutively put to public opinion by the city of Stockholm. These three are the municipality's proposal (Nya Slussen), restoration of existing structure and a third proposal Knutpunkt Slussen.   
Knutpunkt Slussen
Slussen is agreed upon almost by everyone as a problematic example of urban design. A variety of transportation modes (car, metro, bus, bicycles, passengers, etc.) have been placed together in a limited area where at the at the same time, the lock between Baltic Sea and Lake Mälaren separates islands of Södermalm and Gamlastan in central Stockholm.

Reshaping of Slussen has been under discussion since 1970s and a master plan by Foster & Partners was approved by the city of Stockholm following a competition. The main emphasis of the design was separation of motor vehicles and passengers and increasing the overall height so as to compensate the excess of water level and eliminate future risks.
  
Among existing alternatives, Knutpunkt Slussen is quite radical and suggests digging all motorways and railroads down into the ground and freeing up the space for a central park and new construction. Hot debates are going on and deteriorated physical structure of Slussen urges for a resolute action.

Sources:
Wikipedia

Thursday, March 3, 2011

To sell or to build: this is the dilemma!


Followed comes a summary of reports and forecasts on recent and future shifts in land prices in Sweden. The text is mainly a translation of the article by Jonas Lindmark Morningstar, specialist at Morningstar. The most appealing point in the article to me was that it reflects best the most dominant approaches in Swedish spatial planning procedures: strict governmental regulation and control over construction rules, sustainable planning and participatory planning. The three aforementioned concepts are evident through importance and strong impacts of legislation, environmental measures and residents’ opinions on predominant planning routines:

New planning regulations (proposition 2009/10:170) will come into force in Sweden in two months from now. One possible effect is an increase in provision of plots for villa construction which will in turn decrease land prices.

Normally, an increase in prices results in an increase in supply. In the case of land lots, however, a different rule governs: supply of land for villa construction in Sweden has fallen 30 percent in 2010 compared with 2008 while there is evidently a high demand. The number of constructed villas in recent two decades has nevertheless decreased to one third compared with the same time period before 1990.

The reason why municipalities are not that willing to assign land for villa are numerous and not without ambiguities: current regulations have made housing development a less profitable and more risky occupation; more strict environmental measures are being taken by authorities; more objections are made to construction permits by neighbors; many land owners hesitate to sell their lots in hope of higher prices – which is in fact a reliable forecast. Even the monthly rent earned after construction is not a sufficiently tempting motive for land owners to construct since land prices increase in a much higher pace than prices of the houses do.

The new planning and construction regulations aim at simplifying and speeding up the process of land assignment for villa construction. Nevertheless, interest rates in Sweden are currently so low that an access in land assignment for villa construction does not necessarily entail an immediate fall in land prices.

Experts from Building Administration (Boverket) and other responsible organizations believe that current situation will be followed by an increase in interest rates and the trend will persist until house prices are reduced down to construction costs. At the time land prices will start falling in a rapid pace just as they had been increasing previously.
Source: http://www.byggahus.se/artiklar/ar-din-tomt-vard-mer-huset

Thursday, February 17, 2011

VIP


Vacuum insulation is an appropriate alternative for more energy-efficient buildings. This method is based on exterior insulation which has plenty of advantages over inside insulation: cold bridges and interstitial condensation are avoided and internal walls are retained as heat-sinks.

VIP (Vacuum Insulation Panel) is an efficient example compared with other available options (EPS-Expanded Polystyren, XPS-Extruded Polysyren, stonewool, fiberglass, Phnolic foam, PUR-Polyurethane,...). The isolation consists of light metal formable heat-sealed panels which are filled with nanoporous material. This inner filler comprises of fumed silica or a combination of superfined fibreglass and phenomic foam.

VIP has a very high insulation capacity. The vacuum inside highly lessens the overall conductivity; a 2-3 cm VIP panel is equivalent to 10-15 cm of mineral wool insulation and thus saves much space. Previously, the technique was only used in fridges and refrigerators.

There are nevertheless also some disadvantages with VIP: costs are still relatively high. More ubiquity in the future will certainly decrease prices and make the choice of material more economic in both short- and long-term. Another problem is that utmost care is required during transportation and construction. The quality decreases over time in a way that the lifetime is 30 - 50 years. Panels should thus be easy to access and replaceable.

Sources:
http://www.byggahus.se/artiklar/nya-effektiva-material-for-miljon
http://www.starch.dk/private/energy/insulation.asp

Saturday, February 5, 2011

Sick building syndrome



Built environment affects our lives in a myriad of ways including impacts on health issues. Sick building syndrome (SBS) is caused by indoor environmental conditions of workplaces and houses and causes long term health problems. Symptoms are sensory irritation of the eyes, lips, nose, throat, mucosa and skin and odor and taste sensations

The problem is pinned down to flaws in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Other causes have been attributed to contaminants produced by outgassing of some types of building materials, molds, lack of adequate fresh-air intake/air filtration, and also sometimes inappropriate ventilation of the ozone produced by some machines in offices.

Ninety percent of 189 cases studied at University of Umeå between 1986 and 1998 of were women. The reason can be the fact that women are more willing to report such things, but can also be due to a more responsive immune system in women.

It is always important to seek care early to avoid persistent problems. Symptoms are normally relieved after changing the work place or improvements in the building.

Sources:
http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=2510558#articleToolbar
Wikpedia

Saturday, January 29, 2011

Ideal city

From the photo collection Lil Contentments by Kiana Farhoudi (published on Facebook )

Wednesday, January 26, 2011

Villa Leipzig


Everything started with a simple three-dimensional model of the house we are living in to be located on Google Earth as a tribute to this lovely four-storied stately house. In fact, our landlord had previously lectured with a preacher's passion on the reputation of the edifice as one of the oldest buildings in the area. Nevertheless, it was just recently that I discovered that our house - which I had superficially called Örby House before - actually has a cordial historic name: Villa Leipzig!

Stockholm's Yellow Pages, 1922
According to Stockholm's Yellow Pages archive (above), the mansion dates back to latest 1922 and there was - among all - a bakery located in the house. Based on available photos, there has been a two-storied building called Villa Jennylund in the same location in 1910. This was consecutively replaced by current Leipzig House one decade later. It can be concluded that Villa Leipzig is at least 90 years old and has been almost in the same shape from the beginning.

Villa Jennylund, 1910
In 1945, there was a coffee and tobacco shop in the building which are now replaced by a residence and an office. Villa Leipzig undoubtedly deserved a 3d model on Google Earth! New features in Sketchup 8. have largely facilitated construction of new models by incorporating more accurate pictures from Google Map's Street View. Previously, Building Maker online application had been introduced by Google to construct digital models using enhanced oblique photos of the buildings from four different directions.

Villa Leipzig, 1945
Sources:
http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rby,_Stockholms_kommun
http://www.stockholmskallan.se/php/fupload/SMF/SD/SSMB_0023983_1922_12.pdf
http://www.hjle.se/

Friday, January 21, 2011

Life on a leaf

There is a bridge over the entrance to the master bedroom and a heart-shaped window over the bed. Allover the floors, walls and ceilings is covered with sharp colors and lively patterns. Plan of the house located in Åbo in Finland resembles a leaf which was owner's desire from the beginning.

Jan-Erik Andersson who lives in the house with his wife and ten-year-old daughter asked a number of his artist friends to create some works of art around the house and denied to be consulted about what they were going to create. "It was important to bring in ideas to the house that I myself had nothing to do with; since otherwise it would have been like living inside my own brain which is not healthy at all!" he clarifies.

The interesting part of the story is the numerous warnings he had received from prominent Finnish architects while determinedly trying to realize his dreamy house with help of architect Erkki Pitkäranta. They believed that the family of Andersson will soon get bored by striking colors and playful shapes established right in the middle of their daily life and not for example in a play ground or Disney Land. Their opinion however did not come true; at least after one and half year!


If you ask me, I go with Finish architects: "This is a terrible place to live in"! The point is that tastes are vastly different and the client has the right as long as the place is not within the public realm. Still the exterior look should not contradict neighbourhoods ín a way that it could be considered a visual threat to its surrounding.
On 28 Sep. 2011, I got this message in my mailbox:
Hello Pouriya Parsanezhad!
I would LOVE to comment your blog article about "Life on a Leaf" -house. But the comment form does not work.
So anyway, this is the comment:
I haven't seen you living here ;), so maybe you can not say that "THIS IS A TERRIBLE PLACE TO LIVE IN!" This is NOT terrible place to live in. This is my home. And belief it or not I am (now you can laugh) a minimalist.You are more than welcome to see and experience the real house!
The Wife (still alive)
To which I replied:
Dear Marjo,
Sorry for late reply,and so sorry for having written that sentence even though I had tired to moderate it with the following sentence: "The point is that tastes are vastly different and the client has the right as long as the place is not within the public realm.", still I was partly influenced by DN's article when I was writing that post, I should confess. The thing is that when one reads something in a newspaper, it is considered merely as a written document and one easily becomes ignorant about the fact that behind those words, there are in fact some people with their passions, emotions and lives specifically when talking about a house.
I have vividly gone too far by speaking out in such a deterministic way. This is in fact YOU and your family who are the most legitimate persons to judge how it feels to live in your dreamy house not me, DN's editorial or architectural critiques. Nevertheless, you do not need to bother yourself much since my blog does not have so many readers as far as I know:) ... 
But a 'minimalist' loving such a style for living place still sounds confusing to me I should confess!
Kind regards,- Pouriya Parsa
Lovely Marjo finally left me speechless by replying back as follows:
Dear Pouriya Parsa!
Take it easy, don't be SO sorry ;)! I understand that you need to have some edge when you write something.
We have been hearing criticism so much that it does not bother anymore. And without that there was no reason to do the house. We have also seen so many different people that like about the project that it feels that we made something interesting.
Anyway, if you have some time, look at the house's websites, in spite of that you (and meny other :) don't like the house, the process have been more than interesting.
I use to hate the idea of the house, but the process made me see things in a different way.http://www.anderssonart.com/leaf/index.html
And look all the artist's who have been doing art in the house:http://www.anderssonart.com/leaf/artists/index.html
If you like you can use pictures from the websites and you don't have to be politically correct ;).
best,Marjo
ps: I am sorry to say to you that my partner has also done some works to the public realm. ;) www.rosegarden.fi
Such an amateur blogger that I am, I feel more than indulged to see a single post of mine receiving so much attention!